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The Code of Civil Procedure, 1908

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Typed source hierarchy

171 section locators; 740 rule locators; 61 order locators; 214 form locators; 10 appendix locators.

All 347 original pages are retained. The hierarchy accounts for 171 section entries, all 702 Rule arrangement entries under 55 Orders, 38 additional printed conditional/state Rules, 212 numbered Forms and two unnumbered Statement-of-Truth versions. State-note regions preserve other internal changes as source context; those inner units are not all separately typed or applicability-audited. Repeated Rules/Forms need Context or Group qualification. Source wording is unreviewed, with no currentness approval.

Section locators

Locators point into full source pages; they are not approved section transcriptions. Original omission, repeal and amendment markers are retained.

  1. Section 1 — 1. Short title, commencement and extent.—(1) This Act may be cited as the Code of Civil
  2. Section 2 — 2. Definitions.—In this Act, unless there is anything repugnant in the subject or context,—
  3. Section 3 — 3. Subordination of Courts.—For the purposes of this Code, the District Court is subordinate to the
  4. Section 4 — 4. Savings.—(1) In the absence of any specific provision to the contrary, nothing in this Code shall be
  5. Section 5 — 5. Application of the Code to Revenue Courts.—(1) Where any Revenue Courts are governed by
  6. Section 6 — 6. Pecuniary jurisdiction.—Save in so far as is otherwise expressly provided, nothing herein
  7. Section 7 — 7. Provincial Small Cause Courts.—The following provisions shall not extend to Courts
  8. Section 8 — 8. Presidency Small Cause Courts.—Save as provided in sections 24, 38 to 41, 75, clauses (a), (b)
  9. Section 9 — 9. Courts to try all civil suits unless barred.—The Courts shall (subject to the provisions herein
  10. Section 10 — 10. Stay of suit.—No Court shall proceed with the trial of any suit in which the matter in issue is also
  11. Section 11 — 11. Res judicata.—No Court shall try any suit or issue in which the matter directly and substantially
  12. Section 12 — 12. Bar to further suit.—Where a plaintiff is precluded by rules from instituting a further suit in
  13. Section 13 — 13. When foreign judgment not conclusive.—A foreign judgment shall be conclusive as to any
  14. Section 14 — 14. Presumption as to foreign judgments.—The Court shall presume upon the production of any
  15. Section 15 — 15. Court in which suits to be instituted.—Every suit shall be instituted in the Court of the lowest
  16. Section 16 — 16. Suits to be instituted where subject-matter situate.—Subject to the pecuniary or other
  17. Section 17 — 17. Suits for immovable property situate within jurisdiction of different Courts.—Where a suit is to
  18. Section 18 — 18. Place of Institution of suit where local limits of jurisdiction of Courts are
  19. Section 19 — 19. Suits for compensation for wrongs to person or movables.—Where a suit is for compensation for
  20. Section 20 — 20. Other suits to be instituted where defendants reside or cause of action arises.—Subject to
  21. Section 21 — 21. Objections to jurisdiction.—4[(1)] No objection as to the place of suing shall be allowed by any
  22. Section 21A — 21A. Bar on suit to set aside decree on objection as to place of suing.—No suit shall lie
  23. Section 22 — 22. Power to transfer suits which may be instituted in more than one Court.—Where a suit may
  24. Section 23 — 23. To what Court application lies.—(I) Where the several Courts having jurisdiction are subordinate to
  25. Section 24 — 24. General power of transfer and withdrawal.—(1) On the application of any of the parties and
  26. Section 25 — 25. Power of Supreme Court to transfer suits, etc.—(1) On the application of a party, and after notice
  27. Section 26 — 26. Institution of suits. — [(1)] Every suit shall be instituted by the presentation of a plaint or in such
  28. Section 27 — 27. Summons to defendants.—Where a suit has been duly instituted, a summons may be issued to the
  29. Section 28 — 28. Service of summons where defendant resides in another State.—(1) A summons may be sent for
  30. Section 29 — 29. Service of foreign summonses.—Summonses and other processes issued by—
  31. Section 30 — 30. Power to order discovery and the like.—Subject to such conditions and limitations as may be
  32. Section 31 — 31. Summons to witness.—The provisions in sections 27, 28 and 29 shall apply to summonses to give
  33. Section 32 — 32. Penalty for default.—The Court may compel the attendance of any person to whom a summons
  34. Section 33 — 33. Judgment and decree.—The Court, after the case has been heard, shall pronounce judgment, and on
  35. Section 34 — 34. Interest.—(1) Where and in so far as a decree is for the payment of money, the Court may, in the decree,
  36. Section 35 — 35. Costs.—(1) Subject to such conditions and limitations as may be prescribed, and to the provisions of any
  37. Section 35A — 35A. Compensatory costs in respect of false or vexatious claims or defences.—(1) If in any suit
  38. Section 35B — 35B. Costs for causing delay.—(1) If, on any date fixed for the hearing of a suit or for taking any
  39. Section 36 — 36. Application to orders.—The provisions of this Code relating to the execution of decrees
  40. Section 37 — 37. Definition of Court which passed a decree.—The expression “Court which passed a decree,”
  41. Section 38 — 38. Court by which decree may be executed.—A decree may be executed either by the Court which
  42. Section 39 — 39. Transfer of decree.—(1) The Court which passed a decree may, on the application of the
  43. Section 40 — 40. Transfer of decree to Court in another State.—Where a decree is sent for execution in another State, it
  44. Section 41 — 41. Result of execution proceedings to be certified.—The Court to which a decree is sent for
  45. Section 42 — 42. Powers of Court in executing transferred decree. — 1[(1)] The Court executing a decree sent to it shall
  46. Section 43 — 43. Execution of decrees passed by Civil Courts in places to which this Code does not extend.—
  47. Section 44 — 44. Execution of decrees passed by Revenue Courts in places to which this Code does not
  48. Section 44A — 44A. Execution of decrees passed by Courts in reciprocating territory.—(1) Where a certified
  49. Section 45 — 45. Execution of decrees outside India.—So much of the foregoing sections of this Part as
  50. Section 46 — 46. Precepts.—(1) Upon the application of the decree-holder the Court which passed the decree may,
  51. Section 47 — 47. Questions to be determined by the Court executing decree.—(1) All questions arising between
  52. Section 48 — 48. [Execution barred in certain cases.] Rep. by the Limitation Act, 1963 (36 of 1963), s. 28 (w.e.f. 1-1-1964).
  53. Section 49 — 49. Transferee.—Every transferee of a decree shall hold the same subject to the equities (if any) which the
  54. Section 50 — 50. Legal representative.—(1) Where a judgment-debtor dies before the decree has been fully satisfied, the
  55. Section 51 — 51. Powers of Court to enforce execution.—Subject to such conditions and limitations as may be prescribed,
  56. Section 52 — 52. Enforcement of decree against legal representative.—(1) Where a decree is passed against a party as the legal
  57. Section 53 — 53. Liability of ancestral property.—For the purposes of section 50 and section 52, property in the hands of a son or other
  58. Section 54 — 54. Partition of estate or separation of share.—Where the decree is for the partition of an undivided estate assessed to the
  59. Section 55 — 55. Arrest and detention.—(1) A judgment-debtor may be arrested in execution of a decree at, any hour and on
  60. Section 56 — 56. Prohibition of arrest or detention of women in execution of decree for money.—Notwithstanding anything in this Part, the
  61. Section 57 — 57. Subsistence-allowance.—The State Government may fix scales, graduated according to rank, race and nationality, of
  62. Section 58 — 58. Detention and release.—(1) Every person detained in the civil prison in execution of a decree shall be so detained,—
  63. Section 59 — 59. Release on ground of illness.—(1) At any time after a warrant for the arrest of a judgment-debtor has been issued the
  64. Section 60 — 60. Property liable to attachment and sale in execution of decree.—(1) The following property is liable to attachment
  65. Section 61 — 61. Partial exemption of agricultural produce.—The State Government 1*** may, by general or special order
  66. Section 62 — 62. Seizure of property in dwelling-house.—(1) No person executing any process under this Code directing or
  67. Section 63 — 63. Property attached in execution of decrees of several Courts.—(1) Where property not in the custody of any
  68. Section 64 — 64. Private alienation of property after attachment to be void.—2[(1)] Where an attachment has been made,
  69. Section 65 — 65. Purchaser’s title.—Where immovable property is sold in execution of a decree and such sale has become absolute, the
  70. Section 66 — 66. [Suit against purchaser not maintainable on ground of purchase being on behalf of plaintiff.]— Rep. by Act, 1988
  71. Section 67 — 67. Power for State Government to make rules as to sales of land in execution of decrees for payment of
  72. Section 68 — 68. [Power to prescribe rules for transferring to collector execution of certain decrees .]— Rep.
  73. Section 69 — 69. [Provisions of Third Schedule to apply.]— Rep. by s. 7 ibid, (w.e.f. 1-1-1957).
  74. Section 70 — 70. [Rules of Procedure.]— Rep. by s. 7 ibid, (w.e.f. 1-1-1957).
  75. Section 71 — 71. [Collector deemed to be acting judicially.]— Rep. by s. 7 ibid, (w.e.f. 1-1-1957).
  76. Section 72 — 72. [Where Court may authorize Collector to stay Public Sale of Land.]—Rep. by s. 7, ibid.
  77. Section 73 — 73. Proceeds of execution-sale to be rateably distributed among decree-holders.—(1) Where
  78. Section 74 — 74. Resistance to execution.— Where the Court is satisfied that the holder of a decree for the
  79. Section 75 — 75. Power of Court to issue commissions.—Subject to such conditions and limitations as may be
  80. Section 76 — 76. Commission to another Court.—(1) A commission for the examination of any person may be
  81. Section 77 — 77. Letter of request.—In lieu of issuing a commission the Court may issue a letter of request to
  82. Section 78 — 78. Commissions issued by foreign Courts.—Subject to such conditions and limitations as may be
  83. Section 79 — 79. Suits by or against Government.—In a suit by or against the Government, the authority to be
  84. Section 80 — 80. Notice.— 5[(1)] 6[ Save as otherwise provided in sub-section (2), no suits 7[shall be instituted]
  85. Section 81 — 81. Exemption from arrest and personal appearance.—In a suit instituted against a public officer
  86. Section 82 — 82. Execution of decree.—2[(1) Where, in a suit by or against the Government or by or against a
  87. Section 83 — 83. When aliens may sue.—Alien enemies residing in India with the permission of the Central
  88. Section 84 — 84. When foreign States may sue.—A foreign State may sue in any competent Court:
  89. Section 85 — 85. Persons specially appointed by Government to prosecute or defend on behalf of foreign
  90. Section 86 — 86. Suits against foreign Rulers, Ambassadors and Envoys.—(1) No. 2*** foreign State may be
  91. Section 87 — 87. Style of foreign Rulers as parties to suits.—The Ruler of a foreign State may sue, and shall be sued,
  92. Section 87A — 87A. Definitions of “Foreign State” and “Rulers”.— (1) In this Part,—
  93. Section 87B — 87B. Applications of sections 85 and 86 to Rulers of former Indian States.—5[(1) In the case of any
  94. Section 88 — 88. Where interpleader suit may be instituted.—Where two or more persons claim adversely to
  95. Section 89 — 89. Settlement of disputes outside the Court.—(1) Where it appears to the Court that there exist
  96. Section 90 — 90. Power to state case for opinion of Court.—Where any persons agree in writing to state a case
  97. Section 91 — 91. Public nuisances and other wrongful acts affecting the public.—2[(1) In the case of a public
  98. Section 92 — 92. Public charities.—(1) In the case of any alleged breach of any express or constructive trust
  99. Section 93 — 93. Exercise of powers of Advocate-General outside presidency-towns.—The powers conferred by
  100. Section 94 — 94. Supplemental proceedings.—In order to prevent the ends of justice from being defeated the
  101. Section 95 — 95. Compensation for obtaining arrest, attachment or injunction on insufficient
  102. Section 96 — 96. Appeal from original decree.—(1) Save where otherwise expressly provided in the body of this
  103. Section 97 — 97. Appeal from final decree where no appeal from preliminary decree.—Where any party
  104. Section 98 — 98. Decision where appeal heard by two or more Judges.—(1) Where an appeal is heard by a Bench
  105. Section 99 — 99. No decree to be reversed or modified for error or irregularity not affecting merits or
  106. Section 99A — 99A. No order under section 47 to be reversed or modified unless decision of the case is
  107. Section 100 — 100. Second appeal.—(1) Save as otherwise expressly provided in the body of this Code or by any
  108. Section 100A — 100A. No further appeal in certain cases.—Notwithstanding anything contained in any Letters Patent
  109. Section 101 — 101. Second appeal on no other grounds.—No second appeal shall lie except on the ground
  110. Section 102 — 102. No second appeal in certain cases.—No second appeal shall lie from any decree, when the
  111. Section 103 — 103. Power of High Court to determine issue of fact.—In any second appeal, the High Court
  112. Section 104 — 104. Orders from which appeal lies.—(1) An appeal shall lie from the following orders, and save as
  113. Section 105 — 105. Other orders.—(1) Save as otherwise expressly provided, no appeal shall lie from any order
  114. Section 106 — 106. What Courts to hear appeals.—Where an appeal from any order is allowed it shall lie to the Court
  115. Section 107 — 107. Powers of Appellate Court.—(1) Subject to such conditions and limitations as may be
  116. Section 108 — 108. Procedure in appeals from appellate decrees and orders.—The provisions of this Part
  117. Section 109 — 109. When appeals lie to the Supreme Court.—Subject to the provisions in Chapter IV of Part V of
  118. Section 110 — 110. [Value of subject matters.] Rep. by the Code of Civil Procedure (Amendment) Act, 1973
  119. Section 111 — 111. [Bar of certain appeals.] Rep. by the A.O. 1950.
  120. Section 111A — 111A. [Appeals to Federal Court] Rep. by the Federal Court Act, 1941 (21 of 1941), s. 2
  121. Section 112 — 112. Savings.—2[(1) Nothing contained in this Code shall be deemed—
  122. Section 113 — 113. Reference to High Court.—Subject to such conditions and limitations as may be prescribed,
  123. Section 114 — 114. Review.—Subject as aforesaid, any person considering himself aggrieved—
  124. Section 115 — 115. Revision.—4[(1)] The High Court may call for the record of any case which has been decided by
  125. Section 116 — 116. Part to apply only to certain High Courts.—This Part applies only to High Courts 2[not being
  126. Section 117 — 117. Application of Code to High Courts.—Save as provided in this Part or in Part X or in rules, the
  127. Section 118 — 118. Execution of decree before ascertainment of costs.—Where any such High Court considers it
  128. Section 119 — 119. Unauthorized persons not to address Court.—Nothing in this Code shall be deemed to
  129. Section 120 — 120. Provisions not applicable to High Court in original civil jurisdiction.—(1) The following
  130. Section 121 — 121. Effect of rules in First Schedule.—The rules in a First Schedule shall have effect as if enacted
  131. Section 122 — 122. Power of certain High Courts to make rules.—2[High Courts 3[not being the Court of a
  132. Section 123 — 123. Constitution of Rules Committees in certain States.—(1) A Committee, to be called the Rule
  133. Section 124 — 124. Committee to report to High Court.—Every Rule Committee shall make a report to the High
  134. Section 125 — 125. Power of other High Courts to make rules.—High Courts, other than the Courts
  135. Section 126 — 126. Rules to be subject to approval.—Rules made under the foregoing provisions shall be subject to
  136. Section 127 — 127. Publication of rules.—Rules so made and 5[approved] shall be published in the 6[Official Gazette], and
  137. Section 128 — 128. Matters for which rules may provide.—(1) Such rules shall be not inconsistent with the provisions in the
  138. Section 129 — 129. Power of High Courts to make rules as to their original Civil procedure.—Notwithstanding
  139. Section 130 — 130. Powers of other High Courts to make rules as to matters other than procedure.—A High
  140. Section 131 — 131. Publication of rules.—Rules made in accordance with section 129 or section 130 shall be
  141. Section 132 — 132. Exemption of certain women from personal appearance.—(1) Women who, according to the
  142. Section 133 — 133. Exemption of other persons.—10[(1) The following persons shall be entitled to exemption from
  143. Section 134 — 134. Arrest other than in execution of decree.—The provisions of sections 55, 57 and 59 shall
  144. Section 135 — 135. Exemption from arrest under civil process.—(1) No Judge, Magistrate or other judicial officer
  145. Section 135A — 135A. Exemption of members of legislative bodies from arrest and detention under civil
  146. Section 136 — 136. Procedure where person to be arrested or property to be attached is outside district.—(1)
  147. Section 137 — 137. Language of subordinate Courts.—(1) The language which, on the commencement of this
  148. Section 138 — 138. Power of High Court to require evidence to be recorded in English.—(1) The 4[High
  149. Section 139 — 139. Oath on affidavit by whom to be administered.—In the case of any affidavit under this Code—
  150. Section 140 — 140. Assessors in causes of salvage, etc.—(1) In any admiralty or vice-admiralty cause of salvage to
  151. Section 141 — 141. Miscellaneous proceedings.—The procedure provided in this Code in regard to suits shall be
  152. Section 142 — 142. Orders and notices to be in writing.—All orders and notices served on or given to any
  153. Section 143 — 143. Postage.—Postage, where chargeable on a notice, summons or letter issued under this Code
  154. Section 144 — 144. Application for restitution.—(1) Where and in so far as a decree 4[or an order] is 5[varied or
  155. Section 145 — 145. Enforcement of liability of surety.—Where any person 2[has furnished security or given a
  156. Section 146 — 146. Proceedings by or against representatives.—Save as otherwise provided by this Code or by
  157. Section 147 — 147. Consent or agreement by persons under disability.—In all suits to which any person under
  158. Section 148 — 148. Enlargement of time.—Where any period is fixed or granted by the Court for the doing of any act
  159. Section 148A — 148A. Right to lodge a caveat.—(1) Where an application is expected to be made, or has been
  160. Section 149 — 149. Power to make up deficiency of court-fees.—Where the whole or any part of any fee prescribed for
  161. Section 150 — 150. Transfer of business.—Save as otherwise provided, where the business of any Court is transferred to
  162. Section 151 — 151. Saving of inherent powers of Court.—Nothing in this Code shall be deemed to limit or
  163. Section 152 — 152. Amendment of judgments, decrees or orders.—Clerical or arithmetical mistakes in
  164. Section 153 — 153. General power to amend.—The Court may at any time, and on such terms as to costs or otherwise as
  165. Section 153A — 153A. Power to amend decree or order where appeal is summarily dismissed.—Where an Appellate
  166. Section 153B — 153B. Place of trial to be deemed to be open Court.—The place in which any Civil Court is held
  167. Section 154 — 154. [Saving of present right of appeal.] Rep. by the Repealing and Amending Act, 1952 (48 of 1952),
  168. Section 155 — 155. [Amendment of certain Acts.] Rep. by s. 2 and Sch. I, ibid.
  169. Section 156 — 156. [Repeals.] Rep. by the Second Repealing and Amending Act, 1914 (17 of 1914), s. 3 and Sch. II.
  170. Section 157 — 157. Continuance of orders under repealed enactments.—Notifications published, declarations
  171. Section 158 — 158. Reference to Code of Civil Procedure and other repealed enactments.—In every enactment

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Source limitations
  • The complete 347-page delivered PDF, layout, appendices, forms, state amendments, footnotes, repealed Schedules, 1976 amendment Annexure and appended Objects/Report are retained. No normalized legal text or human approval is imported.
  • The arrangement has 171 section entries and 702 Rule entries under 55 Orders. The body prints 61 Order headings when ordinary, commercial and state versions are distinguished. The graph separately locates 38 additional Rules in six explicit commercial/JK-Ladakh/Uttar Pradesh versions. This is source accounting, not a claim of current operative scope.
  • There are nine ordinary Appendices, 212 numbered Forms and two separate unnumbered Statement-of-Truth versions. Appendix A restarts form numbers for Plaints and Written Statements; the Group qualifier preserves both. Original form fields, tables, formatting and continuations remain as full layout/page images, not reconstructed semantic cells.
  • All 37 printed state-amendment heading regions are retained as source-context notes. Other inner state/conditional insertions and substitutions are not all separately typed. These remaining inner-unit mappings and legal applicability are explicit incomplete work, never silently promoted to central provisions.
  • Section 60 and Order XX Rules 3/5 have superscript footnote markers fused into layout identifiers. Original PDF geometry was inspected; anchors select the real printed identifier while leaving the full layout text unchanged. Rule XXI 46I in the arrangement is printed 46-I in the body; both exact source identifiers resolve through separately evidenced tokens.
  • The source itself differs between arrangement/body spellings and titles, including Recognised/Recognized, Appeals/Appeal, Costs/Cost and the printed Injection heading at Order XXXIX Rule 5. Neither source spelling is rewritten.
  • The cover reports 10 January 2026 and is flagged sparse by extraction; its original image is retained. This date is not legal currentness, commencement or territorial approval. Catalog checksum/size discrepancies and unverified editorial/legal status remain explicit.