Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023
Act No. 47 of 2023 · in force from 1 July 2024 · 170 sections in 12 chapters. Every section below links to its verbatim text. Search it in plain words on AskBNS.
Chapter I: Preliminary
Chapter II: Relevancy of Facts
- BSA3 Evidence may be given of facts in issue and relevant facts
- BSA4 Relevancy of facts forming part of same transaction
- BSA5 Facts which are occasion, cause or effect of facts in issue or relevant facts
- BSA6 Motive, preparation and previous or subsequent conduct
- BSA7 Facts necessary to explain or introduce fact in issue or relevant facts
- BSA8 Things said or done by conspirator in reference to common design
- BSA9 When facts not otherwise relevant become relevant
- BSA10 Facts tending to enable Court to determine amount are relevant in suits for damages
- BSA11 Facts relevant when right or custom is in question
- BSA12 Facts showing existence of state of mind, or of body or bodily feeling
- BSA13 Facts bearing on question whether act was accidental or intentional
- BSA14 Existence of course of business when relevant
- BSA15 Admission defined
- BSA16 Admission by party to proceeding or his agent
- BSA17 Admissions by persons whose position must be proved as against party to suit
- BSA18 Admissions by persons expressly referred to by party to suit
- BSA19 Proof of admissions against persons making them, and by or on their behalf
- BSA20 When oral admissions as to contents of documents are relevant
- BSA21 Admissions in civil cases when relevant
- BSA22 Confession caused by inducement, threat, coercion or promise, when irrelevant in criminal proceeding
- BSA23 Confession to police officer
- BSA24 Consideration of proved confession affecting person making it and others jointly under trial for same offence
- BSA25 Admissions not conclusive proof, but may estop
- BSA26 Cases in which statement of relevant fact by person who is dead or cannot be found, etc., is relevant
- BSA27 Relevancy of certain evidence for proving, in subsequent proceeding, truth of facts therein stated
- BSA28 Entries in books of account when relevant
- BSA29 Relevancy of entry in public record or an electronic record made in performance of duty
- BSA30 Relevancy of statements in maps, charts and plans
- BSA31 Relevancy of statement as to fact of public nature contained in certain Acts or notifications
- BSA32 Relevancy of statements as to any law contained in law books including electronic or digital form
- BSA33 What evidence to be given when statement forms part of a conversation, document, electronic record, book or series of letters or papers
- BSA34 Previous judgments relevant to bar a second suit or trial
- BSA35 Relevancy of certain judgments in probate, etc., jurisdiction
- BSA36 Relevancy and effect of judgments, orders or decrees, other than those mentioned in section 35
- BSA37 Judgments, etc., other than those mentioned in sections 34, 35 and 36 when relevant
- BSA38 Fraud or collusion in obtaining judgment, or incompetency of Court, may be proved
- BSA39 Opinions of experts
- BSA40 Facts bearing upon opinions of experts
- BSA41 Opinion as to handwriting and signature, when relevant
- BSA42 Opinion as to existence of general custom or right, when relevant
- BSA43 Opinion as to usages, tenets, etc., when relevant
- BSA44 Opinion on relationship, when relevant
- BSA45 Grounds of opinion, when relevant
- BSA46 In civil cases character to prove conduct imputed, irrelevant
- BSA47 In criminal cases previous good character relevant
- BSA48 Evidence of character or previous sexual experience not relevant in certain cases
- BSA49 Previous bad character not relevant, except in reply
- BSA50 Character as affecting damages
Chapter III: Facts Which Need Not Be Proved
- BSA51 Fact judicially noticeable need not be proved
- BSA52 Facts of which Court shall take judicial notice
- BSA53 Facts admitted need not be proved
Chapter IV: Of Oral Evidence
Chapter V: Of Documentary Evidence
- BSA56 Proof of contents of documents
- BSA57 Primary evidence
- BSA58 Secondary evidence
- BSA59 Proof of documents by primary evidence
- BSA60 Cases in which secondary evidence relating to documents may be given
- BSA61 Electronic or digital record
- BSA62 Special provisions as to evidence relating to electronic record
- BSA63 Admissibility of electronic records
- BSA64 Rules as to notice to produce
- BSA65 Proof of signature and handwriting of person alleged to have signed or written document produced
- BSA66 Proof as to electronic signature
- BSA67 Proof of execution of document required by law to be attested
- BSA68 Proof where no attesting witness found
- BSA69 Admission of execution by party to attested document
- BSA70 Proof when attesting witness denies execution
- BSA71 Proof of document not required by law to be attested
- BSA72 Comparison of signature, writing or seal with others admitted or proved
- BSA73 Proof as to verification of digital signature
- BSA74 Public and private documents
- BSA75 Certified copies of public documents
- BSA76 Proof of documents by production of certified copies
- BSA77 Proof of other official documents
- BSA78 Presumption as to genuineness of certified copies
- BSA79 Presumption as to documents produced as record of evidence, etc
- BSA80 Presumption as to Gazettes, newspapers, and other documents
- BSA81 Presumption as to Gazettes in electronic or digital record
- BSA82 Presumption as to maps or plans made by authority of Government
- BSA83 Presumption as to collections of laws and reports of decisions
- BSA84 Presumption as to powers-of-attorney
- BSA85 Presumption as to electronic agreements
- BSA86 Presumption as to electronic records and electronic signatures
- BSA87 Presumption as to Electronic Signature Certificates
- BSA88 Presumption as to certified copies of foreign judicial records
- BSA89 Presumption as to books, maps and charts
- BSA90 Presumption as to electronic messages
- BSA91 Presumption as to due execution, etc., of documents not produced
- BSA92 Presumption as to documents thirty years old
- BSA93 Presumption as to electronic records five years old
Chapter VI: Of the Exclusion of Oral Evidence by Documentary Evidence
- BSA94 Evidence of terms of contracts, grants and other dispositions of property reduced to form of document
- BSA95 Exclusion of evidence of oral agreement
- BSA96 Exclusion of evidence to explain or amend ambiguous document
- BSA97 Exclusion of evidence against application of document to existing facts
- BSA98 Evidence as to document unmeaning in reference to existing facts
- BSA99 Evidence as to application of language which can apply to one only of several persons
- BSA100 Evidence as to application of language to one of two sets of facts, to neither of which the whole correctly applies
- BSA101 Evidence as to meaning of illegible characters, etc
- BSA102 Who may give evidence of agreement varying terms of document
- BSA103 Saving of provisions of Indian Succession Act relating to wills
Chapter VII: Of the Burden of Proof
- BSA104 Burden of proof
- BSA105 On whom burden of proof lies
- BSA106 Burden of proof as to particular fact
- BSA107 Burden of proving fact to be proved to make evidence admissible
- BSA108 Burden of proving that case of accused comes within exceptions
- BSA109 Burden of proving fact especially within knowledge
- BSA110 Burden of proving death of person known to have been alive within thirty years
- BSA111 Burden of proving that person is alive who has not been heard of for seven years
- BSA112 Burden of proof as to relationship in the cases of partners, landlord and tenant, principal and agent
- BSA113 Burden of proof as to ownership
- BSA114 Proof of good faith in transactions where one party is in relation of active confidence
- BSA115 Presumption as to certain offences
- BSA116 Birth during marriage, conclusive proof of legitimacy
- BSA117 Presumption as to abetment of suicide by a married woman
- BSA118 Presumption as to dowry death
- BSA119 Court may presume existence of certain facts
- BSA120 Presumption as to absence of consent in certain prosecution for rape
Chapter VIII: Estoppel
- BSA121 Estoppel
- BSA122 Estoppel of tenant and of licensee of person in possession
- BSA123 Estoppel of acceptor of bill of exchange, bailee or licensee
Chapter IX: Of Witnesses
- BSA124 Who may testify
- BSA125 Witness unable to communicate verbally
- BSA126 Competency of husband and wife as witnesses in certain cases
- BSA127 Judges and Magistrates
- BSA128 Communications during marriage
- BSA129 Evidence as to affairs of State
- BSA130 Official communications
- BSA131 Information as to commission of offences
- BSA132 Professional communications
- BSA133 Privilege not waived by volunteering evidence
- BSA134 Confidential communication with legal advisers
- BSA135 Production of title-deeds of witness not a party
- BSA136 Production of documents or electronic records which another person, having possession, could r efuse to produce
- BSA137 Witness not excused from answering on ground that answer will criminate
- BSA138 Accomplice
- BSA139 Number of witnesses
Chapter X: Of Examination of Witnesses
- BSA140 Order of production and examination of witnesses
- BSA141 Judge to decide as to admissibility of evidence
- BSA142 Examination of witnesses
- BSA143 Order of examinations
- BSA144 Cross-examination of person called to produce a document
- BSA145 Witnesses to character
- BSA146 Leading questions
- BSA147 Evidence as to matters in writing
- BSA148 Cross-examination as to previous statements in writing
- BSA149 Questions lawful in cross-examination
- BSA150 When witness to be compelled to answer
- BSA151 Court to decide when question shall be asked and when witness compelled to answer
- BSA152 Question not to be asked without reasonable grounds
- BSA153 Procedure of Court in case of question being asked without reasonable grounds
- BSA154 Indecent and scandalous questions
- BSA155 Questions intended to insult or annoy
- BSA156 Exclusion of evidence to contradict answers to questions testing veracity
- BSA157 Question by party to his own witness
- BSA158 Impeaching credit of witness
- BSA159 Questions tending to corroborate evidence of relevant fact, admissible
- BSA160 Former statements of witness may be proved to corroborate later testimony as to same fact
- BSA161 What matters may be proved in connection with proved statement relevant under section 26 or 27
- BSA162 Refreshing memory
- BSA163 Testimony to facts stated in document mentioned in section 162
- BSA164 Right of adverse party as to writing used to refresh memory
- BSA165 Production of documents
- BSA166 Giving, as evidence, of document called for and produced on notice
- BSA167 Using, as evidence, of document production of which was refused on notice
- BSA168 Judge’s power to put questions or order production