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The Constitution of India in English 2026: page 48

The Constitution of India in English 2026, India Code delivered snapshot ed1820c0a1100c2c, physical page 48, typed edition 223d395df4de00897c78a4c0a752b32348d86f7c4f7013254fd4e03da46ceca0. Unreviewed extraction.

Source: official India Code PDF · catalog record. Fetched 2026-10-19T23:32:36Z. SHA-256 ed1820c0a1100c2c6aa8ece835a8c8a60f996ae7eba30cc1798233683c66cfba.

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Source cover/preface date: 10th September, 2026. Preface amendment statement: Constitution (One Hundred and Sixth Amendment) Act, 2023. Embedded PDF title: Constitution of India_ 20 MAY 2026 (final).pdf. These are distinct source labels, not currentness or commencement approval.

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17                      THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA
                          (Part III.—Fundamental Rights)
           (e) the extinguishment or modification of any rights accruing by
       virtue of any agreement, lease or licence for the purpose of searching for,
       or winning, any mineral or mineral oil, or the premature termination or
       cancellation of any such agreement, lease or licence,
shall be deemed to be void on the ground that it is inconsistent with, or takes
away or abridges any of the rights conferred by 1[article 14 or article 19]:
      Provided that where such law is a law made by the Legislature of a State,
the provisions of this article shall not apply thereto unless such law, having
been reserved for the consideration of the President, has received his assent:]
       2
        [Provided further that where any law makes any provision for the
acquisition by the State of any estate and where any land comprised therein is
                                                          e
held by a person under his personal cultivation, it shall not be lawful for the
                                                     od
State to acquire any portion of such land as is within the ceiling limit applicable
                                                aC
to him under any law for the time being in force or any building or structure
standing thereon or appurtenant thereto, unless the law relating to the
                                            di
acquisition of such land, building or structure, provides for payment of
                                        In
compensation at a rate which shall not be less than the market value thereof.]
           (2) In this article,—
             3
           [(a) the expression “estate” shall, in relation to any local area, have
       the same meaning as that expression or its local equivalent has in the
       existing law relating to land tenures in force in that area and shall also
       include—
                (i) any jagir, inam or muafi or other similar grant and in the States
             of [Tamil Nadu] and 5[Keralam], any janmam right;
                 4


                 (ii) any land held under ryotwari settlement;
                 (iii) any land held or let for purposes of agriculture or for
             purposes ancillary thereto, including waste land, forest land, land for
             pasture or sites of buildings and other structures occupied by
             cultivators of land, agricultural labourers and village artisans;]


1. Subs. by the Constitution (Forty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1978, s. 7, for "article 14,
   article 19 or article 31" (w.e.f. 20-6-1979).
2. Ins. by the Constitution (Seventeenth Amendment) Act, 1964, s. 2(i) (w.e.f. 20-6-1964).
3. Subs. by s.2(ii), ibid., for sub-clause (a) (with retrospective effect).
4. Subs. by the Madras State (Alteration of Name) Act, 1968 (53 of 1968), s. 4, for
   "Madras" (w.e.f. 14-1-1969).
5. Subs. by the Kerala (Alteration of Name) Act, 2026 (18 of 2026), s. 4, for “Kerala”
   (w.e.f. 25-8-2026).

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