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The Constitution of India in English 2026: page 42

The Constitution of India in English 2026, India Code delivered snapshot ed1820c0a1100c2c, physical page 42, typed edition 223d395df4de00897c78a4c0a752b32348d86f7c4f7013254fd4e03da46ceca0. Unreviewed extraction.

Source: official India Code PDF · catalog record. Fetched 2026-10-19T23:32:36Z. SHA-256 ed1820c0a1100c2c6aa8ece835a8c8a60f996ae7eba30cc1798233683c66cfba.

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Source cover/preface date: 10th September, 2026. Preface amendment statement: Constitution (One Hundred and Sixth Amendment) Act, 2023. Embedded PDF title: Constitution of India_ 20 MAY 2026 (final).pdf. These are distinct source labels, not currentness or commencement approval.

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11                    THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA
                       (Part III.—Fundamental Rights)
        (6) Nothing in sub-clause (g) of the said clause shall affect the operation
of any existing law in so far as it imposes, or prevent the State from making
any law imposing, in the interests of the general public, reasonable restrictions
on the exercise of the right conferred by the said sub-clause, and, in particular,
1
  [nothing in the said sub-clause shall affect the operation of any existing law in
so far as it relates to, or prevent the State from making any law relating to,—
          (i) the professional or technical qualifications necessary for practising
       any profession or carrying on any occupation, trade or business; or
          (ii) the carrying on by the State, or by a corporation owned or
       controlled by the State, of any trade, business, industry or service,
       whether to the exclusion, complete or partial, of citizens or otherwise.]
                                                        e
                                                   od
        20. Protection in respect of conviction for offences.—(1) No person
shall be convicted of any offence except for violation of a law in force at the
                                              aC
time of the commission of the Act charged as an offence, nor be subjected to a
                                          di
penalty greater than that which might have been inflicted under the law in force
at the time of the commission of the offence.
                                      In
      (2) No person shall be prosecuted and punished for the same offence
more than once.
      (3) No person accused of any offence shall be compelled to be a witness
against himself.
       21. Protection of life and personal liberty.—No person shall be
deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to procedure
established by law.
       2
      [21A. Right to education.—The State shall provide free and
compulsory education to all children of the age of six to fourteen years in such
manner as the State may, by law, determine.]
       22. Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases.—(1) No
person who is arrested shall be detained in custody without being informed, as
soon as may be, of the grounds for such arrest nor shall he be denied the right
to consult, and to be defended by, a legal practitioner of his choice.


1. Subs. by the Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1951, s. 3, for certain words
  (w.e.f. 18-6-1951).
2 Ins. by the Constitution (Eighty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2002, s. 2 (w.e.f. 1-4-2010).

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