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The Constitution of India in English 2026: page 39
The Constitution of India in English 2026, India Code delivered snapshot ed1820c0a1100c2c, physical page 39, typed edition 223d395df4de00897c78a4c0a752b32348d86f7c4f7013254fd4e03da46ceca0. Unreviewed extraction.
Source: official India Code PDF · catalog record. Fetched 2026-10-19T23:32:36Z. SHA-256 ed1820c0a1100c2c6aa8ece835a8c8a60f996ae7eba30cc1798233683c66cfba.
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Source cover/preface date: 10th September, 2026. Preface amendment statement: Constitution (One Hundred and Sixth Amendment) Act, 2023. Embedded PDF title: Constitution of India_ 20 MAY 2026 (final).pdf. These are distinct source labels, not currentness or commencement approval.
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8 THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA
(Part III.—Fundamental Rights)
Explanation.—For the purposes of this article and article 16,
"economically weaker sections" shall be such as may be notified by the State
from time to time on the basis of family income and other indicators of
economic disadvantage.]
16. Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment.—(1)
There shall be equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to
employment or appointment to any office under the State.
(2) No citizen shall, on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, descent,
place of birth, residence or any of them, be ineligible for, or discriminated against
in respect of, any employment or office under the State.
(3) Nothing in this article shall prevent Parliament from making any law
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prescribing, in regard to a class or classes of employment or appointment to an
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office 1[under the Government of, or any local or other authority within, a State
or Union territory, any requirement as to residence within that State or Union
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territory] prior to such employment or appointment.
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(4) Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from making any
provision for the reservation of appointments or posts in favour of any
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backward class of citizens which, in the opinion of the State, is not adequately
represented in the services under the State.
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[(4A) Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from making any
provision for reservation 3[in matters of promotion, with consequential
seniority, to any class] or classes of posts in the services under the State in
favour of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes which, in the opinion
of the State, are not adequately represented in the services under the State.]
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[(4B) Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from considering
any unfilled vacancies of a year which are reserved for being filled up in that
year in accordance with any provision for reservation made under clause (4) or
clause (4A) as a separate class of vacancies to be filled up in any succeeding
year or years and such class of vacancies shall not be considered together with
the vacancies of the year in which they are being filled up for determining the
ceiling of fifty per cent. reservation on total number of vacancies of that year.]
1. Subs. by the Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956, s. 29 and Sch., for "under
any State specified in the First Schedule or any local or other authority within its
territory, any requirement as to residence within that State" (w.e.f. 1-11-1956).
2. Ins. by the Constitution (Seventy-seventh Amendment) Act, 1995, s. 2 (w.e.f. 17-6-1995).
3. Subs. by the Constitution (Eighty-fifth Amendment) Act, 2001, s. 2, for certain words
(retrospectively) (w.e.f. 17-6-1995).
4. Ins. by the Constitution (Eighty-first Amendment) Act, 2000, s. 2 (w.e.f. 9-6-2000).
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